Pendampingan pengendalian ektoparasit hematofaga sebagai vektor potensial lumpy skin disease pada kelompok peternak sapi di Kabupaten Boyolali, Jawa Tengah
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54082/jamsi.3438Kata Kunci:
ektoparasit, lumpy skin disease, pendampingan door-to-door, peternakan rakyat, vektor potensialAbstrak
Lumpy skin disease (LSD) merupakan penyakit viral lintas batas pada sapi yang disebabkan oleh lumpy skin disease virus (genus Capripoxvirus) dan ditransmisikan terutama secara mekanik oleh artropoda hematofaga. Sejak dilaporkan pertama kali di Indonesia pada tahun 2022, LSD telah menyebar ke Jawa Tengah, termasuk Kabupaten Boyolali. Program pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan meningkatkan pemahaman peternak mengenai peran ektoparasit hematofaga sebagai vektor potensial LSD serta strategi pengendalian yang terintegrasi dengan siklus hidup vektor. Materi pendampingan disusun berdasarkan survei pendahuluan terhadap 25 peternak responden di Kecamatan Mojosongo yang dilaksanakan sebelum dan terpisah dari kegiatan pendampingan. Survei tersebut menunjukkan bahwa 80% responden tidak mengenal penyakit tular vektor dan tidak satu pun responden mengetahui bahwa sebagian penyakit tular ektoparasit dapat menular ke manusia; LSD sendiri tidak bersifat zoonotik. Ektoparasit yang teridentifikasi pada sapi meliputi caplak Haemaphysalis bispinosa, kutu Haematopinus sp., dan lalat Tabanidae. Pendampingan selanjutnya dilaksanakan secara door-to-door melalui komunikasi personal di lokasi kandang kepada 15 kepala keluarga (KK) anggota Kelompok Ternak Mekarsari, Kecamatan Mojosongo, Kabupaten Boyolali, pada 23-29 Desember 2025, dan dievaluasi menggunakan delapan butir pertanyaan pre-test dan post-test. Setelah pendampingan, proporsi peserta yang memahami penularan LSD melalui vektor meningkat dari 20% menjadi 93,3%, proporsi yang memahami risiko resistensi akibat penggunaan anti-ektoparasit yang tidak sesuai dosis meningkat dari 0% menjadi 80%, dan median skor total meningkat dari 2 menjadi 8 (p < 0,001). Komunikasi personal berbasis rumah tangga meningkatkan pemahaman jangka pendek peserta mengenai penularan LSD melalui vektor, sedangkan dampaknya terhadap praktik sanitasi kandang dan pengendalian ektoparasit masih memerlukan evaluasi lanjutan.
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Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Penny Humaidah Hamid, Mujiyanto Mujiyanto, Wahyu Kurniawan, Mohammad Zainal Abidin, April Hari Wardhana
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